在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子設(she)備(bei)(bei)中，高(gao)壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源是很常(chang)見的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源之一。一些(xie)使用高(gao)壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源的設(she)備(bei)(bei)，如發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機的調速板，如果(guo)高(gao)壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源出現異(yi)常(chang)，會導致設(she)備(bei)(bei)無(wu)法正常(chang)工作。為了保護高(gao)壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源的安全運(yun)行，高(gao)壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源短路(lu)的2種(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流的保護機制：瞬態(tai)短路(lu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流和常(chang)態(tai)短路(lu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流的保護機制。

　　瞬(shun)態短(duan)路電流保(bao)護機制

　　瞬態短路電(dian)流(liu)是指(zhi)因瞬時短路而產生(sheng)(sheng)的高電(dian)流(liu)。如果瞬態短路電(dian)流(liu)超(chao)過高壓(ya)電(dian)源的額定(ding)電(dian)流(liu)，會讓電(dian)源的電(dian)子元件及部分電(dian)氣元件產生(sheng)(sheng)損壞(huai)，從而影響(xiang)其正常工作。為了(le)保護高壓(ya)電(dian)源，產生(sheng)(sheng)了(le)一種專門的瞬態短路電(dian)流(liu)保護機制。

　　這種(zhong)保(bao)護機制(zhi)(zhi)的核心是在(zai)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源短路(lu)時，并且短路(lu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流超出(chu)(chu)了額定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流時，就會觸發一(yi)個(ge)(ge)由控制(zhi)(zhi)器發出(chu)(chu)的信(xin)號。這個(ge)(ge)信(xin)號會觸發保(bao)護機制(zhi)(zhi)，限(xian)制(zhi)(zhi)短路(lu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流的大(da)小。而這個(ge)(ge)機制(zhi)(zhi)包(bao)含一(yi)個(ge)(ge)由高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源輸出(chu)(chu)的實際輸出(chu)(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)和相應的信(xin)號，在(zai)保(bao)護機制(zhi)(zhi)中，這個(ge)(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)與信(xin)號被分析(xi)，以進行短路(lu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流的限(xian)制(zhi)(zhi)，從而保(bao)護高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源。

　　圖：ATA-7020高壓放大器指標參數

　　常態(tai)短路電流(liu)保(bao)護機制

　　常(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)態(tai)短(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)是(shi)指在(zai)正常(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)使用條件(jian)下，如果電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)內部電(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)出現一些(xie)故(gu)障(zhang)，此時產生的(de)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)就被稱為常(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)態(tai)短(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)。常(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)態(tai)短(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)通常(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)都很小(xiao)，但是(shi)如果超過了電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)額定電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)，就會(hui)導致電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)發(fa)生損壞。在(zai)這(zhe)種情況下，常(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)態(tai)短(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)保護機制可(ke)以(yi)發(fa)揮(hui)作(zuo)用。

　　常態短路保(bao)護(hu)機制的(de)(de)核(he)心是(shi)通過(guo)一個電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)控制電(dian)(dian)路來限制電(dian)(dian)源的(de)(de)輸(shu)出(chu)(chu)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)。如果電(dian)(dian)源內部的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)路出(chu)(chu)現了故障，它的(de)(de)輸(shu)出(chu)(chu)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)就會被(bei)限制，避(bi)免短路電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)過(guo)大(da)(da)。此外，高壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)源還可以安裝(zhuang)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)保(bao)護(hu)器，監測輸(shu)出(chu)(chu)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)大(da)(da)小，一旦電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)超過(guo)了額定值，就會自(zi)動切斷電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)，從而(er)保(bao)護(hu)高壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)源。

　　在高壓電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)使用(yong)中，瞬(shun)態(tai)(tai)短(duan)路電(dian)(dian)流和(he)常(chang)(chang)態(tai)(tai)短(duan)路電(dian)(dian)流都(dou)是非常(chang)(chang)重要的(de)問(wen)題(ti)。通(tong)過(guo)瞬(shun)態(tai)(tai)短(duan)路電(dian)(dian)流和(he)常(chang)(chang)態(tai)(tai)短(duan)路電(dian)(dian)流保護機制(zhi)，我們可以保護高壓電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)正常(chang)(chang)工作，避(bi)免電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)短(duan)路電(dian)(dian)流過(guo)大，從而影響其正常(chang)(chang)使用(yong)。

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