電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)是一種(zhong)以電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場形式(shi)存儲(chu)能(neng)量的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)設備，它由兩塊由電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)介質或非導電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)物質隔開的(de)金屬板組(zu)成。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)類型(xing)大致分(fen)為固(gu)定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)和可(ke)變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)。最重要的(de)是固(gu)定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)，但(dan)也有可(ke)變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)，例如旋轉(zhuan)或微調電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)。固(gu)定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)分(fen)為薄膜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)、陶(tao)瓷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)和超導電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)。本文(wen)簡單(dan)介紹(shao)陶(tao)瓷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)的(de)工作原理(li)、結構和應用特性。

　　陶瓷電容的極性及符號

　　陶(tao)瓷(ci)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)最常見(jian)于每(mei)個電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)設(she)備中(zhong)，它使用(yong)陶(tao)瓷(ci)材料作為(wei)電(dian)(dian)介質。陶(tao)瓷(ci)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)是一種無(wu)極(ji)性器(qi)件，這意味(wei)著它們沒(mei)有極(ji)性。所以可以在電(dian)(dian)路板上的任何方向(xiang)連接(jie)它。

　　因(yin)此，它們通常比電解電容器安全得(de)多。這是下面給出的非極化電容器的符(fu)號。許多類型的電容器，例如鉭(tan)鉭(tan)珠電容，沒有極性。

　　陶瓷電容器的分類

　　根據(ju)陶(tao)瓷(ci)(ci)材料的(de)不同，可(ke)以(yi)分(fen)為(wei)低頻(pin)陶(tao)瓷(ci)(ci)電容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)和高頻(pin)陶(tao)瓷(ci)(ci)電容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)。按結(jie)構形(xing)式分(fen)類(lei)，又可(ke)分(fen)為(wei)圓片(pian)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)電容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)、管(guan)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)電容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)、矩形(xing)電容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)、片(pian)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)電容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)、穿(chuan)心電容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)等多類(lei)電容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)。

　　而根據工(gong)作溫(wen)(wen)度范圍、溫(wen)(wen)度漂移(yi)、容(rong)差，定義了不同的陶(tao)瓷電容(rong)器類別。

　　Ⅰ類陶瓷電容器

　　這類電(dian)容(rong)主要和溫度有(you)關，這些(xie)是最穩定的(de)電(dian)容(rong)器，它(ta)們(men)具有(you)近乎(hu)線性(xing)的(de)特性(xing)。

　　用作電介(jie)質(zhi)的最常見化(hua)合物是：

　　正溫度系數的鈦(tai)酸(suan)鎂。

　　用(yong)于負(fu)溫度系數電容(rong)器的鈦酸鈣。

　　Ⅱ類陶瓷電容器

　　這類電(dian)容器在體積效率方面(mian)表現出更好的(de)(de)性(xing)能，但(dan)這是以較低(di)的(de)(de)精度(du)和(he)穩定性(xing)為代價的(de)(de)。因此，它們通常用于(yu)精度(du)不重要的(de)(de)去耦(ou)、耦(ou)合和(he)旁路應用。

　　溫度范圍：-50°C至+85°C

　　耗散(san)因數(shu)：2.5%

　　準確度：較差

　　III類陶瓷電容器

　　這類陶瓷電容器具有高(gao)(gao)容積效率、低(di)精度和低(di)損耗因(yin)數。它不能承受高(gao)(gao)壓。使用的電介質通常是(shi)鈦酸鋇(bei)。

　　III類電容器(qi)將其電容變(bian)化(hua)-22%至+50%

　　溫度范(fan)圍為+10°C至(zhi)+55°C。

　　耗(hao)散(san)因數：3至5%。

　　具有相當(dang)差的準(zhun)確度（通常為20%或-20/+80%）。

　　通常用(yong)(yong)于去(qu)耦或其他精(jing)度不成問題(ti)的電源應用(yong)(yong)

　　陶瓷電容器的主要應用

　　主要(yao)用于發(fa)射站的諧振電路。

　　Ⅱ類大功率電容器用于高壓激光電源、電源斷路器、感應爐(lu)等。

　　表面貼裝(zhuang)電容器通(tong)常(chang)用于印刷(shua)電路板和高密度應用。

　　可(ke)以用作通用電容器，因(yin)為(wei)它們沒有極性，并且(qie)有多種電容、額定(ding)電壓和尺寸可(ke)供(gong)選擇。

　　陶瓷圓盤電容器(qi)用于有(you)刷直流電機，以最大限度(du)地減(jian)少射頻噪(zao)聲。

　　印刷電路板（PCB）中(zhong)使(shi)用的MLCC的額(e)定電壓(ya)從幾伏(fu)到幾百伏(fu)不等，具(ju)體取決于應用。

　　從上(shang)面的介紹(shao)可以知道，陶瓷電容(rong)器采用陶瓷作為(wei)電介質。由(you)于它們(men)的非極性(xing)特性(xing)，因此可以在電路板上(shang)的任(ren)何(he)方向連接。