實驗名稱(cheng)：電池加熱(re)與(yu)充電實驗

　　實驗(yan)意義(yi)：隨(sui)著經濟、社會的(de)快速發展，人類對能(neng)源(yuan)的(de)需(xu)求(qiu)與(yu)日(ri)(ri)俱增，在(zai)交(jiao)通領(ling)域更甚。而在(zai)化石能(neng)源(yuan)日(ri)(ri)益枯竭和(he)環(huan)境(jing)污(wu)染的(de)大背景下，新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)汽(qi)車具有(you)廣闊的(de)發展前景。近年來，以(yi)純(chun)電(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車為主(zhu)的(de)新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)汽(qi)車發展迅猛(meng)，有(you)望取代傳統內燃(ran)機汽(qi)車。鋰離子電(dian)池的(de)性能(neng)直接影(ying)響電(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車的(de)續航(hang)、安全(quan)性和(he)可靠性。低溫(wen)環(huan)境(jing)下，鋰離子電(dian)池功(gong)率特性變差、循環(huan)壽命衰減、可用容(rong)量降低，同時(shi)面臨低溫(wen)充電(dian)難(nan)、充電(dian)易析鋰等問題，這些因素(su)阻礙了(le)電(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車的(de)發展。低溫(wen)加熱技術是(shi)電(dian)池熱管理系統的(de)核心技術之一，是(shi)緩解(jie)動(dong)(dong)力電(dian)池在(zai)低溫(wen)環(huan)境(jing)下性能(neng)衰減的(de)關鍵(jian)。

　　實(shi)(shi)驗原理：本(ben)實(shi)(shi)驗是基于(yu)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)加(jia)(jia)熱(re)(re)法(fa)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)加(jia)(jia)熱(re)(re)和充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)測試，交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)加(jia)(jia)熱(re)(re)法(fa)通過(guo)給(gei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)施(shi)加(jia)(jia)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)產生(sheng)熱(re)(re)量(liang)(liang)，從(cong)內部(bu)加(jia)(jia)熱(re)(re)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)，并且(qie)在(zai)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)信(xin)號上疊加(jia)(jia)直流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)分(fen)量(liang)(liang)，在(zai)加(jia)(jia)熱(re)(re)的(de)同時給(gei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)進行(xing)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)加(jia)(jia)熱(re)(re)法(fa)使(shi)用(yong)外部(bu)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)，使(shi)得加(jia)(jia)熱(re)(re)過(guo)程不消耗電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)自身能量(liang)(liang)，在(zai)形(xing)式各樣的(de)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)波(bo)形(xing)中，正(zheng)弦交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)應(ying)用(yong)最為(wei)(wei)廣泛。本(ben)實(shi)(shi)驗使(shi)用(yong)安泰(tai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)ATS-M1010C電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)互感器作為(wei)(wei)驅動(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)，實(shi)(shi)驗框圖(tu)(tu)和實(shi)(shi)驗實(shi)(shi)物圖(tu)(tu)如圖(tu)(tu)1，2所(suo)示。

　　圖1實驗流程圖

　　圖2實驗實物圖

　　測試設備：信號發生器、ATS-M1010C電(dian)(dian)流互感器、示波(bo)器、可充電(dian)(dian)鋰電(dian)(dian)池、紅外測溫儀，萬用(yong)表

　　實驗過程：使(shi)用信號(hao)發生器(qi)為ATS-M1010C電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)互感器(qi)提供交流(liu)(liu)信號(hao)，首先(xian)(xian)在(zai)儀(yi)(yi)器(qi)空載(zai)時(shi)將交流(liu)(liu)和(he)直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)偏置(zhi)(zhi)預(yu)先(xian)(xian)設(she)置(zhi)(zhi)好，本次實驗所(suo)使(shi)用到鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)為1-2A，信號(hao)發生器(qi)設(she)置(zhi)(zhi)的(de)參數(shu)為10kHz,812mVpp,+100mV(Offset)，通過電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)互感器(qi)自帶的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)檢測(ce)口連接(jie)示波(bo)器(qi)觀(guan)測(ce)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)波(bo)形，設(she)置(zhi)(zhi)好的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)波(bo)形如圖3所(suo)示。預(yu)先(xian)(xian)信號(hao)設(she)置(zhi)(zhi)好后，使(shi)用未(wei)滿電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池進行(xing)測(ce)試，在(zai)加電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)前使(shi)用紅外測(ce)溫儀(yi)(yi)和(he)萬用表(biao)分(fen)別測(ce)試電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)溫度和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，初(chu)始溫度和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)分(fen)別為16.4℃，0.264V，分(fen)別如圖4，圖5所(suo)示，接(jie)下(xia)來進行(xing)加電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)測(ce)試，測(ce)試時(shi)間五分(fen)鐘。

　　圖3空載波形圖

　　實驗(yan)結(jie)果：加點測(ce)試五分種后(hou)(hou)，實驗(yan)結(jie)果如圖6、7所(suo)示，電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)溫度和(he)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)分別為30.1℃，3.107V，結(jie)果表明(ming)，電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)在經過交(jiao)流(liu)信號一(yi)段(duan)時間后(hou)(hou)會明(ming)顯被加熱(re)(re)，疊(die)加的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)直(zhi)流(liu)偏(pian)置也成(cheng)功給(gei)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)充電(dian)(dian)，實現在給(gei)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)加熱(re)(re)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)同時進行(xing)充電(dian)(dian)。另外，改(gai)變交(jiao)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)幅值和(he)頻(pin)(pin)率都將影(ying)響(xiang)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)內(nei)部產熱(re)(re)功率，進而影(ying)響(xiang)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)加熱(re)(re)速度，需(xu)(xu)要(yao)注意的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)，直(zhi)流(liu)分量是(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)充電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)，在探(tan)究(jiu)交(jiao)流(liu)信號的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)頻(pin)(pin)率與幅值對(dui)加熱(re)(re)速率影(ying)響(xiang)時應保持(chi)不變。實驗(yan)結(jie)果表明(ming)，在一(yi)定范圍內(nei)，較(jiao)高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)幅值、較(jiao)低的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)頻(pin)(pin)率和(he)良好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)保溫條件有(you)利于提(ti)高(gao)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)加熱(re)(re)速度，實測(ce)優化之后(hou)(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)加熱(re)(re)方法(fa)，電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)從16.4℃加熱(re)(re)到30.1℃僅需(xu)(xu)5min，加熱(re)(re)速率為2.74℃/min，溫度上升圖如圖8所(suo)示。

　　圖(tu)8電池溫度(du)上升圖(tu)

　　對(dui)于電動汽車應用(yong)而言，低溫(wen)交流加(jia)(jia)熱法(fa)(fa)的(de)研(yan)究仍處于初(chu)級(ji)階段(duan)。低溫(wen)環境下(xia)如何高效、安全的(de)加(jia)(jia)熱電池仍充滿挑戰。為加(jia)(jia)快內(nei)部(bu)加(jia)(jia)熱法(fa)(fa)和復合加(jia)(jia)熱法(fa)(fa)的(de)工程應用(yong)進(jin)度，還(huan)存在以(yi)下(xia)幾個方面的(de)問題亟待解決：

　　(1)現有研究(jiu)中加(jia)熱(re)策略對電(dian)池(chi)老化的(de)(de)研究(jiu)不足，電(dian)流參(can)數(shu)在電(dian)化學(xue)機(ji)理層(ceng)面(mian)對電(dian)池(chi)壽(shou)命的(de)(de)影響有待(dai)深入研究(jiu)。后續研究(jiu)應建(jian)立電(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)電(dian)化學(xue)模型，從(cong)機(ji)理層(ceng)面(mian)揭示電(dian)流參(can)數(shu)對電(dian)池(chi)老化的(de)(de)影響，明確不同運行條(tiao)件(jian)下電(dian)池(chi)不發生(sheng)老化的(de)(de)電(dian)流參(can)數(shu)范圍(wei)，進一步提高加(jia)熱(re)效(xiao)率和(he)安(an)全性。

　　(2)現有加熱(re)(re)方法研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)中研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)對象多為單體(ti)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)，對于電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)模(mo)(mo)組、電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)包(bao)層面的(de)(de)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)不足(zu)，而模(mo)(mo)組內的(de)(de)溫度(du)均勻性將在很大(da)程度(du)上影響(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組的(de)(de)性能及老化(hua)速率。電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)產熱(re)(re)模(mo)(mo)型和熱(re)(re)模(mo)(mo)型是低溫熱(re)(re)管(guan)理(li)(li)系(xi)統設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)理(li)(li)論(lun)(lun)基礎，后續研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)應進一(yi)(yi)步從(cong)單體(ti)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)、電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)模(mo)(mo)組、電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)包(bao)等層面研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)準確、高效(xiao)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)-熱(re)(re)耦(ou)合模(mo)(mo)型，考慮電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)不一(yi)(yi)致性的(de)(de)影響(xiang)(xiang)，提高溫度(du)預測的(de)(de)精度(du)和速度(du)，為系(xi)統優化(hua)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)、加熱(re)(re)控(kong)制(zhi)策略設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)提供理(li)(li)論(lun)(lun)支撐。

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