實驗(yan)名稱(cheng)：交(jiao)直流混合強電場傳感器的試驗(yan)研究

　　實(shi)驗目(mu)的：搭建(jian)測試(shi)平臺，對傳(chuan)(chuan)感器在交直流(liu)(liu)混合電(dian)場下的響應進行測試(shi)，對調制后(hou)電(dian)場中(zhong)的目(mu)標(biao)(biao)信號(hao)分(fen)量進行分(fen)離(li)提取，實(shi)現(xian)交直流(liu)(liu)混合電(dian)場強度的測量和直流(liu)(liu)電(dian)場極性的判(pan)斷，驗證(zheng)傳(chuan)(chuan)感方法(fa)的有效性并對傳(chuan)(chuan)感器進行標(biao)(biao)定。

　　測(ce)試設(she)備：高壓(ya)放大器、函數信號(hao)發(fa)生器、示波器、光電探(tan)測(ce)器、激光源等。

　　圖1：傳感器(qi)測試(shi)與標定平臺

　　實驗過程：

　　搭建(jian)交(jiao)直(zhi)流混(hun)合強(qiang)(qiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)場傳感(gan)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)試驗(yan)平(ping)臺，如上(shang)(shang)圖1所示(shi)，函(han)數信號(hao)發(fa)生(sheng)器(qi)(qi)產(chan)生(sheng)交(jiao)流（50Hz）直(zhi)流混(hun)合電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)信號(hao)，經過高壓(ya)放大器(qi)(qi)放大后(hou)施加在(zai)上(shang)(shang)平(ping)板(ban)(ban)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極，下(xia)平(ping)板(ban)(ban)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極接地，在(zai)兩平(ping)板(ban)(ban)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極間產(chan)生(sheng)均(jun)勻(yun)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)場。電(dian)(dian)(dian)場調(diao)制(zhi)機(ji)構的(de)(de)旋轉屏蔽(bi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極貼近下(xia)平(ping)板(ban)(ban)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極布置(zhi)，在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)的(de)(de)帶動(dong)下(xia)勻(yun)速轉動(dong)并通(tong)過電(dian)(dian)(dian)刷可靠(kao)接地。高精度激光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)源(yuan)發(fa)出波長為(wei)1550nm的(de)(de)激光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)經由(you)(you)單模光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纖傳輸至電(dian)(dian)(dian)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)傳感(gan)單元，在(zai)調(diao)制(zhi)后(hou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)場的(de)(de)作用下(xia)，激光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)強(qiang)(qiang)度會產(chan)生(sheng)相應的(de)(de)變化(hua)，再由(you)(you)多(duo)模光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纖傳輸至光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)探測器(qi)(qi)對(dui)激光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)信號(hao)進行強(qiang)(qiang)度檢(jian)測，實現對(dui)調(diao)制(zhi)后(hou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)場波形的(de)(de)測量(liang)。高壓(ya)放大器(qi)(qi)監測信號(hao)、光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)探測器(qi)(qi)與光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)碼盤的(de)(de)輸出信號(hao)由(you)(you)示(shi)波器(qi)(qi)進行測量(liang)與記錄。

　　設定電(dian)(dian)機轉速為1000r/min，屏蔽(bi)電(dian)(dian)極(ji)的(de)開孔數為6，此時電(dian)(dian)場(chang)調(diao)制(zhi)頻率為100Hz。在上下平(ping)板電(dian)(dian)極(ji)之間分(fen)別(bie)施加直(zhi)流電(dian)(dian)場(chang)與(yu)交流（50Hz）直(zhi)流混合電(dian)(dian)場(chang)，由于旋轉屏蔽(bi)電(dian)(dian)極(ji)的(de)調(diao)制(zhi)作用，光(guang)電(dian)(dian)探測器輸出為變化的(de)電(dian)(dian)壓信號，其波形如圖2所示。

　　圖2：實測調制后電場波形

　　當(dang)施加電(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang)(chang)為(wei)直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang)(chang)時，光電(dian)(dian)(dian)探(tan)測(ce)(ce)器輸(shu)出(chu)波(bo)(bo)形(xing)為(wei)正弦波(bo)(bo)形(xing)，其周(zhou)期為(wei)100Hz，與(yu)調(diao)制(zhi)頻率(lv)相同；當(dang)施加電(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang)(chang)為(wei)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)混合電(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang)(chang)時，由于交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de)存在，經過調(diao)制(zhi)后光電(dian)(dian)(dian)探(tan)測(ce)(ce)器輸(shu)出(chu)波(bo)(bo)形(xing)中產生不(bu)同的(de)諧波(bo)(bo)分(fen)量。上(shang)述結(jie)果表(biao)明，電(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang)(chang)調(diao)制(zhi)機構有效，旋(xuan)轉屏蔽電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)下的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang)(chang)經過調(diao)制(zhi)后產生了相應的(de)變(bian)化。保(bao)持(chi)(chi)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)混合電(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang)(chang)中直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)（交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)）電(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang)(chang)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)度(du)不(bu)變(bian)，逐(zhu)漸(jian)增加交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)（直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)）電(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang)(chang)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)度(du)，記錄輸(shu)出(chu)波(bo)(bo)形(xing)并進(jin)行傅里葉分(fen)析。如圖3所示頻譜圖，當(dang)保(bao)持(chi)(chi)直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang)(chang)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)度(du)為(wei)100kV/m不(bu)變(bian)時，逐(zhu)漸(jian)增大交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang)(chang)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)度(du)峰峰值(zhi)(zhi)至225kV/m，實測(ce)(ce)波(bo)(bo)形(xing)頻譜中主要含有50Hz、100Hz與(yu)150Hz分(fen)量，這與(yu)分(fen)析的(de)結(jie)果相符。其中，50Hz與(yu)150Hz分(fen)量由交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang)(chang)產生，其幅值(zhi)(zhi)表(biao)征交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang)(chang)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)度(du)；100Hz分(fen)量由直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang)(chang)產生，表(biao)征直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang)(chang)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)度(du)。

　　圖3：實測波形的頻譜分析圖

　　實驗結果：

　　交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)場(chang)強(qiang)(qiang)度(du)增加(jia)時，50Hz與(yu)150Hz分(fen)(fen)量的(de)幅(fu)值隨之線(xian)性增加(jia)，而100Hz分(fen)(fen)量幅(fu)值不(bu)變(bian)(bian)，誤差(cha)僅在1%以內。同(tong)理如圖(tu)3(b)所示(shi)頻(pin)譜圖(tu)，當保(bao)持交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)場(chang)強(qiang)(qiang)度(du)峰(feng)(feng)峰(feng)(feng)值為150kV/m不(bu)變(bian)(bian)時，逐漸(jian)增大直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)場(chang)強(qiang)(qiang)度(du)至150kV/m，實(shi)測波形(xing)中(zhong)表(biao)征(zheng)(zheng)直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)場(chang)強(qiang)(qiang)度(du)的(de)100Hz分(fen)(fen)量的(de)幅(fu)值隨之線(xian)性增加(jia)，而表(biao)征(zheng)(zheng)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)場(chang)強(qiang)(qiang)度(du)的(de)50Hz與(yu)150Hz信號(hao)幅(fu)值不(bu)變(bian)(bian)，誤差(cha)最(zui)大不(bu)超(chao)過(guo)2%。由此可(ke)見，電(dian)場(chang)調制機構(gou)達到了應有(you)的(de)調制效果，外部交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)或直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)場(chang)強(qiang)(qiang)度(du)僅影響(xiang)其(qi)對(dui)應的(de)頻(pin)率(lv)分(fen)(fen)量，理論分(fen)(fen)析與(yu)試驗結果相符(fu)。

　　電壓放大器推薦：ATA-7020

　　圖：ATA-7020高壓放大器指標參數

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