實驗名稱(cheng)：結構動力學特性測試(shi)與分析(xi)

　　測試目的(de)(de)：為(wei)了(le)(le)(le)驗證壓(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)MFC執行器在包(bao)含固有(you)頻(pin)率(lv)(lv)的(de)(de)寬(kuan)頻(pin)帶內(nei)是由于其(qi)受諧(xie)波驅(qu)動(dong)產生的(de)(de)機(ji)械力(li)激(ji)(ji)發了(le)(le)(le)結(jie)構動(dong)力(li)學特(te)(te)性對(dui)其(qi)輸(shu)入-輸(shu)出(chu)關系的(de)(de)影響，導致其(qi)穩(wen)態滯回(hui)(hui)曲線在驅(qu)動(dong)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)頻(pin)率(lv)(lv)范圍(wei)為(wei)20-50Hz時出(chu)現翻轉和(he)近(jin)似線性的(de)(de)現象。本(ben)文搭(da)建了(le)(le)(le)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)MFC執行器結(jie)構動(dong)力(li)學特(te)(te)性測試實驗裝置，利用(yong)諧(xie)波驅(qu)動(dong)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)頻(pin)率(lv)(lv)范圍(wei)為(wei)20-50Hz的(de)(de)掃頻(pin)信號，分(fen)別測試了(le)(le)(le)外激(ji)(ji)和(he)自激(ji)(ji)方式(shi)下壓(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)MFC執行器柔性梁(liang)固有(you)的(de)(de)結(jie)構動(dong)力(li)學特(te)(te)性，結(jie)合單自由度系統動(dong)力(li)學方程分(fen)析并解釋了(le)(le)(le)導致壓(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)MFC執行器的(de)(de)穩(wen)態滯回(hui)(hui)曲線出(chu)現翻轉和(he)近(jin)似線性現象的(de)(de)主要原因。

　　測試設(she)備(bei)：ATA-2041高壓(ya)放大器(qi)、激振器(qi)、測振儀控(kong)制器(qi)、壓(ya)電(dian)MFC執(zhi)行器(qi)等。

　　實驗過程：

　　圖(tu)1：壓(ya)電MFC執(zhi)行器(qi)的結構動(dong)力學特(te)性測試(shi)實驗裝置(zhi)圖(tu)：(a)原理框圖(tu)，(b)實物圖(tu)

　　壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)MFC執(zhi)行(xing)器(qi)(qi)結構動(dong)力(li)學(xue)特(te)(te)性(xing)(xing)測(ce)(ce)(ce)試實(shi)(shi)驗裝置的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)理框圖(tu)和實(shi)(shi)物(wu)圖(tu)分別如圖(tu)1(a)和圖(tu)1(b)所示。實(shi)(shi)驗過程為先利用(yong)實(shi)(shi)時(shi)仿真(zhen)(zhen)系統(tong)產生驅動(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)頻(pin)(pin)率范圍為20-50Hz的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)諧波(bo)掃頻(pin)(pin)信號，由高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)放大器(qi)(qi)放大后作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)到(dao)(dao)壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)MFC執(zhi)行(xing)器(qi)(qi)上，壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)MFC執(zhi)行(xing)器(qi)(qi)以自激(ji)方式(shi)(shi)(shi)產生具有結構動(dong)力(li)學(xue)特(te)(te)性(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)出位移將通(tong)過激(ji)光多普勒測(ce)(ce)(ce)振儀測(ce)(ce)(ce)得，并被實(shi)(shi)時(shi)仿真(zhen)(zhen)系統(tong)實(shi)(shi)時(shi)采集到(dao)(dao)計算機中(zhong)。之后壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)MFC執(zhi)行(xing)器(qi)(qi)停止工作(zuo)(zuo)，將諧波(bo)掃頻(pin)(pin)信號由激(ji)振器(qi)(qi)功率放大器(qi)(qi)放大后作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)到(dao)(dao)激(ji)振器(qi)(qi)上，通(tong)過激(ji)振器(qi)(qi)帶動(dong)壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)MFC執(zhi)行(xing)器(qi)(qi)運動(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)外激(ji)方式(shi)(shi)(shi)對壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)MFC執(zhi)行(xing)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結構動(dong)力(li)學(xue)特(te)(te)性(xing)(xing)進行(xing)測(ce)(ce)(ce)試。其中(zhong)，外激(ji)方式(shi)(shi)(shi)是利用(yong)激(ji)振器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)振動(dong)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)來(lai)激(ji)發壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)MFC執(zhi)行(xing)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結構動(dong)力(li)學(xue)特(te)(te)性(xing)(xing)，該方式(shi)(shi)(shi)可以有效避(bi)免(mian)壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)陶瓷矩形棒的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)遲滯特(te)(te)性(xing)(xing)和蠕變特(te)(te)性(xing)(xing)對壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)MFC執(zhi)行(xing)器(qi)(qi)輸(shu)出位移的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)，單獨分析(xi)結構動(dong)力(li)學(xue)特(te)(te)性(xing)(xing)對輸(shu)入(ru)-輸(shu)出關系的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響。

　　?圖2：壓電MFC執行器結構動力學特(te)性頻譜圖：(a)外激方式，(b)自激方式

　　??實驗結果：

　　利用(yong)圖1(b)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)MFC執(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)器結構動力學(xue)特(te)(te)性測試實(shi)驗裝置，測試壓(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)MFC執(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)器在外(wai)激(ji)和自激(ji)方式(shi)(shi)作用(yong)下的(de)(de)(de)(de)結構動力學(xue)特(te)(te)性頻(pin)(pin)(pin)譜圖分(fen)別(bie)如圖2(a)和圖2(b)所示。根據(ju)圖2，壓(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)MFC執(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)器在外(wai)激(ji)和自激(ji)方式(shi)(shi)作用(yong)下的(de)(de)(de)(de)固有頻(pin)(pin)(pin)率(lv)分(fen)別(bie)為(wei)38.8Hz和39.6Hz，測試結果相差0.8Hz。測試結果表(biao)明，壓(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)MFC執(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)器的(de)(de)(de)(de)固有頻(pin)(pin)(pin)率(lv)與(yu)激(ji)勵方式(shi)(shi)無關，兩種測試方式(shi)(shi)均能夠有效激(ji)發壓(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)MFC執(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)器的(de)(de)(de)(de)結構動力學(xue)特(te)(te)性。根據(ju)圖2(a)，在激(ji)振器的(de)(de)(de)(de)驅動電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)率(lv)范(fan)圍為(wei)20-50Hz時，外(wai)激(ji)方式(shi)(shi)因避(bi)免了壓(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)陶瓷矩(ju)形棒的(de)(de)(de)(de)遲滯(zhi)特(te)(te)性和蠕變(bian)特(te)(te)性對壓(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)MFC執(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)器輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)位移(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)，可以只考慮(lv)柔性梁的(de)(de)(de)(de)結構動力學(xue)特(te)(te)性對壓(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)MFC執(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)器輸(shu)(shu)入-輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)關系的(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響，壓(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)MFC執(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)器輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)位移(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)幅度和相位變(bian)化是由與(yu)系統固有頻(pin)(pin)(pin)率(lv)相關的(de)(de)(de)(de)振幅和相位滯(zhi)后變(bian)化引起的(de)(de)(de)(de)。

　　高(gao)壓放大器推薦：ATA-2041

　　圖：ATA-2041高壓放大器指標參數

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