實驗(yan)名稱：空氣(qi)復合(he)材料振動狀態(tai)測試

　　研(yan)究(jiu)方向：隨著信息化、智能(neng)(neng)化科技需求(qiu)的(de)(de)不斷提(ti)升，壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)陶(tao)瓷(ci)發(fa)展(zhan)也進入(ru)了新紀(ji)元。壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)復(fu)(fu)合(he)(he)(he)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)出(chu)現(xian)強有(you)力地推動(dong)了醫療超(chao)聲(sheng)、水聲(sheng)換(huan)能(neng)(neng)器、魚雷探測器等技術領域的(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)。其中，1-3型壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)復(fu)(fu)合(he)(he)(he)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)因具(ju)有(you)聲(sheng)阻抗低、密(mi)度低和(he)(he)機(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)特性(xing)高等優勢而(er)被研(yan)究(jiu)者廣泛(fan)關注。3－2型陶(tao)瓷(ci)－空(kong)(kong)氣壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)復(fu)(fu)合(he)(he)(he)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)是一種具(ju)有(you)特殊結構的(de)(de)壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)，由壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)陶(tao)瓷(ci)和(he)(he)空(kong)(kong)氣按(an)一定連通方式(shi)、體積(ji)質(zhi)量(liang)比及(ji)空(kong)(kong)間分布組合(he)(he)(he)而(er)成。這種復(fu)(fu)合(he)(he)(he)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)結合(he)(he)(he)了壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)陶(tao)瓷(ci)的(de)(de)優良壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)性(xing)能(neng)(neng)和(he)(he)空(kong)(kong)氣的(de)(de)輕質(zhi)特性(xing)，從而(er)呈現(xian)出(chu)獨特的(de)(de)物理和(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣性(xing)能(neng)(neng)。由于壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)陶(tao)瓷(ci)的(de)(de)引入(ru)，復(fu)(fu)合(he)(he)(he)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)具(ju)有(you)較(jiao)(jiao)高的(de)(de)機(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)耦合(he)(he)(he)系數，能(neng)(neng)夠實現(xian)高效(xiao)的(de)(de)機(ji)(ji)械(xie)能(neng)(neng)與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)之間的(de)(de)轉換(huan)。空(kong)(kong)氣作為(wei)復(fu)(fu)合(he)(he)(he)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)組成部(bu)分，使得整體材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)聲(sheng)阻抗較(jiao)(jiao)低，有(you)利于聲(sheng)波的(de)(de)傳播和(he)(he)接收。通過調(diao)整壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)陶(tao)瓷(ci)和(he)(he)空(kong)(kong)氣的(de)(de)分布、比例(li)等參數，可以設計出(chu)具(ju)有(you)不同(tong)性(xing)能(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)復(fu)(fu)合(he)(he)(he)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)，以滿足(zu)不同(tong)的(de)(de)應用需求(qiu)。

　　實(shi)驗(yan)目的：驗(yan)證3-2型陶瓷－空氣復(fu)合(he)材料具有比1-3型壓電(dian)復(fu)合(he)材料更好的壓電(dian)特性為后續實(shi)驗(yan)做論(lun)證和鋪墊。

　　測(ce)試設備(bei)：ATA-4315高壓(ya)功率放大器、信號發生(sheng)器、示波器、激(ji)光測(ce)振儀等。

　　實驗過程(cheng)：首先(xian)由函數(shu)發生器(qi)(qi)激(ji)發頻(pin)率范圍為100kHz~400kHz的(de)(de)激(ji)勵信(xin)號(hao)通過ATA-4315高壓(ya)功率放大器(qi)(qi)放大施加在陶瓷兩端，觀察(cha)3-2型(xing)壓(ya)電(dian)復合材料的(de)(de)厚(hou)度振(zhen)(zhen)動模態(tai)。測(ce)振(zhen)(zhen)儀實時刷新(xin)振(zhen)(zhen)幅(fu)、速度、加速度隨時間的(de)(de)變(bian)化狀(zhuang)態(tai)，同(tong)時進行快速傅里葉變(bian)換，自動捕獲頻(pin)譜尖峰信(xin)息，示波(bo)器(qi)(qi)監測(ce)陶瓷兩端電(dian)壓(ya)變(bian)化，其實驗原理框圖如圖1-1。

　　圖1-1：3-2型陶瓷壓(ya)電特性研究實(shi)驗框圖

　　實驗結果：由(you)(you)圖(tu)1-2可見(jian)，在(zai)陶(tao)瓷(ci)體(ti)積占比相(xiang)(xiang)同(tong)的(de)(de)前提下(xia)，3-2型(xing)陶(tao)瓷(ci)－空(kong)氣復合(he)材料共(gong)(gong)(gong)振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)頻(pin)(pin)率為(wei)190kHz，高(gao)(gao)于(yu)(yu)(yu)1-3型(xing)壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)復合(he)材料共(gong)(gong)(gong)振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)頻(pin)(pin)率162kHz。這是因為(wei)3-2型(xing)壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)材料無(wu)(wu)聚合(he)物環(huan)氧樹(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)的(de)(de)約(yue)束，壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)小柱做(zuo)(zuo)自由(you)(you)振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)動，振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)動頻(pin)(pin)率高(gao)(gao)于(yu)(yu)(yu)1-3型(xing)壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)子(zi)。在(zai)共(gong)(gong)(gong)振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)頻(pin)(pin)率下(xia)3-2型(xing)壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)子(zi)的(de)(de)位(wei)(wei)移(yi)是3.840nm，大于(yu)(yu)(yu)1-3型(xing)的(de)(de)2.857nm。由(you)(you)于(yu)(yu)(yu)正、負(fu)離子(zi)在(zai)電(dian)場(chang)力(li)作(zuo)用下(xia)會(hui)發(fa)生(sheng)相(xiang)(xiang)對位(wei)(wei)移(yi)，導致晶(jing)體(ti)內部(bu)產生(sheng)內應(ying)(ying)力(li)，最終(zhong)(zhong)使(shi)晶(jing)片(pian)發(fa)生(sheng)宏(hong)觀(guan)形(xing)變。晶(jing)體(ti)表(biao)面(mian)出現(xian)的(de)(de)電(dian)荷由(you)(you)圖(tu)1-2可見(jian)，在(zai)陶(tao)瓷(ci)體(ti)積占比相(xiang)(xiang)同(tong)的(de)(de)前提下(xia)，3-2型(xing)陶(tao)瓷(ci)－空(kong)氣復合(he)材料共(gong)(gong)(gong)振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)頻(pin)(pin)率為(wei)190kHz，高(gao)(gao)于(yu)(yu)(yu)1-3型(xing)壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)復合(he)材料共(gong)(gong)(gong)振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)頻(pin)(pin)率162kHz。這是因為(wei)3-2型(xing)壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)材料無(wu)(wu)聚合(he)物環(huan)氧樹(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)的(de)(de)約(yue)束，壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)小柱做(zuo)(zuo)自由(you)(you)振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)動，振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)動頻(pin)(pin)率高(gao)(gao)于(yu)(yu)(yu)1-3型(xing)壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)子(zi)。在(zai)共(gong)(gong)(gong)振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)頻(pin)(pin)率下(xia)，3-2型(xing)壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)子(zi)的(de)(de)位(wei)(wei)移(yi)是3.940nm，大于(yu)(yu)(yu)1-3型(xing)的(de)(de)2.857nm。由(you)(you)于(yu)(yu)(yu)正、負(fu)離子(zi)在(zai)電(dian)場(chang)力(li)作(zuo)用下(xia)會(hui)發(fa)生(sheng)相(xiang)(xiang)對位(wei)(wei)移(yi)，導致晶(jing)體(ti)內部(bu)產生(sheng)內應(ying)(ying)力(li)，最終(zhong)(zhong)使(shi)晶(jing)片(pian)發(fa)生(sheng)宏(hong)觀(guan)形(xing)變，晶(jing)體(ti)表(biao)面(mian)出現(xian)的(de)(de)電(dian)荷。

　　圖1-2：Z方向振(zhen)動位移對比圖

　　功率放大器推(tui)薦(jian)：ATA-4315

　　圖：ATA-4315高壓功率放大器指標參數

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